Mise-en-scene

I´m going to explain:

1. Settings & props.
2. Costume, hair & make up.
3. Facial expressions & body language.
4. Lighting & colour.
5. Positioning of characters/objects within the frame

1. Setting and props

• Settings and location play an important part in film-making and are not just ¨backgrounds¨.
• Sets are either built from scratch or a great deal of time is spend to find a setting which already exists.
• Settings can manipulate audience by building certain expectations an then taking different turn.

      2. Costume, hair & make up

• Costume, hair and make up act as an instant indicador to us of a character´s personality, status and job.
• It tells us immediately whether the film is set in the present and what societe/or culture it will centre around.
• Certain costumes can signify certains individuals.

      3. Facial expressions and body lenguage

• Facial expressions provide a clear indicator of how someone is feeling.
• If some is smilling broadly, we assume they are happy but we may get a different feeling if this is accompanied by scary music.

• Body language may also indicate how a character feels towards another character or may reflect the state of their relationship.

          

     4. Lighting & colour

• Lighting: This causes stark contrasts between the darker and lighter parts of the framed image, and for much of the shot to be hidden behind the shadows.

• Colour: 

     - Colour carries certain connotations which may add meaning to a scene.

     - Can give a scene particular look, feel or mood.

     - Can be used for dramatic effect.

      5. Positioning of characters/objects within the frame

• Positions within a frame can draw out attention to an important character/object.
• A film-maker can use positioning to indicate relationships between people.

Editing techniques

Cutting

• The process where one shot is replaced on screen immediately by the next.

Shot/reverse shot

• Cutting back and forth between people in a conversation.

Eyeline match

• Cutting to show what a character is looking at.

Graphic match

• A similar shape or colour linking two consecutive shots.

Action match

• Cutting to show another angle of the scene.

Jump cut

• A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two similar shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly.

Crosscutting

• Crosscutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. I a cross-cut, the camera will cut away from one action to another action.

Disolve

• A dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. A first image gradually dissolves and fades out and is replaced by another image which fades in over it. They are usually used in film to connothe the passage of time and change of mood.

Fade in/face out

• A fade in shot is where a new shot starts as black and gradually appears.
• A fade out is there a shot gradually gets darker until it disappears.
• They are usually used at the beginning or end of day in a film.

Fade in

Fade out

Superimposition

• The exposure of more than one image on the same film strip. Two distinct images appearing simultaneously with one superimposed upon the other.

Long/short take

• Long takes: takes of an unusually long length, i.e more than a few seconds. This is commonly used for dramatic and narrative effect in films.

• Short takes: takes that only last for a few seconds these are used usually at a faster pace for action or dramatic takes to build tension and excite the audience.

Slow motion

• Slow motion is an effect in film-making  whereby time appears to be slowed down as the video being played back is more slowly than it was made or recorded.

Fast paced/salow paced editing

• When the editing is fast paced the action will cut rapidly from shot to shot with each shot lasting only a few seconds. Slow paced editing will involve limited cutting from shot a shot.

Sound in media

What purpose does sound have in TV/Film?

The purpose of that sound has on television or films are to be entertaining the audience and give emotion to the scenes. There are all types of sounds that we have studied.

Ambient sound:

• The sound of everything going on around the person who is speaking.
• For example, the sound of waves and wind on a beach scene.

Voice-over sound

• Sound that is dubbed into any picture sequences.
• Documentaries and advertisements often use a lot of voice-over.

Synchronised sound

• The words are spoken to match the lip movements of the speaker.
• Often used in music videos or musical programs.

Dieguetic

• Sound is called diegetic when its source is visible or implied in the world of the film.
• For example, dialogue.

Non-diegetic

• Sound is said to be non-diegetic when its source is not present or implied in the narrative universe. Common instances are:

Music or score, used to augment emotions,

Actor´s commentary or narration any extra sound added for effect.

Dialogue

• Words spoken by actors.

Sound brigde

• Sound linking the end of one scene and the beginning to the next.

Sound mix

• The way in which the different sounds in a scene are mixed together.

Direct address

• When the actors speaks directly to the camera.

Sound motif

• A sound of piece of music associated with a character, place or theme (like the JAWS).